Steam is often considered inherently sterile and harmless to the product. However, as with all other media, there are good practices to minimize risks. Guidelines, laws, and regulations provide only general advice on how systems should be designed and operated. A fundamental principle of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) is risk management through dedicated risk assessment.

But risks can only be assessed if they are identified.

This presentation highlights typical risks encountered in practice. The effects are shown, and the probability of occurrence is estimated. With the help of a HAZOP PAAG process example, a risk is analysed and evaluated. The implementation is shown with concluding examples from good practice.